1. Direct Quote: "Tourism in Ireland is increasing, with a growth level of 12% from 2008 to 2009 overall and growth in city trips up over 20%" (CSO, 2009: 201)
(usually a short phrase where the original wording is important. It is essential that the words quoted verbatim are clearly indicated using quotation marks ("") and/or by using italics, indented paragraphs etc. Note that the page number (201) is given here – this must be done when direct quotes are made from a text.)
2. Paraphrasing: According to the Central Statistics Office (CSO), the number of tourists coming to Ireland is increasing substantially, both overall and in particular regarding trips to Irish cities (CSO, 2009) [the authors' original words are substantially rewritten, but the original meaning is retained.]
3. Summarising: According to the Central Statistics Office (CSO), the number of tourists coming to Ireland is increasing (CSO, 2009) [the author's original words are rewritten into a substantially shortened form that captures the most important elements.]
4. Direct Quote and Paraphrasing Combined: According to the Central Statistics Office (CSO), the number of tourists visiting Ireland is increasing by "12% from 2008 to 2009 overall and growth in city trips up over 20%" (CSO, 2009: 201)
